Getting the Proper Exposure
3 KEY FACTORS:
Senor Sensitivity Speed (ISO)
Aperture/f-stops
Shutter Speeds
Film speed/ISO The senors/film sensitivity to light. Slower film/ Less Sensitive to Light 25 50 100 (125) 200 400 800 1600 3200 Faster film/ More Sensitive to Light
Fine Grain Film Super Grainy Film
Aperture/f-stops (AV- Aperture Priority) Blades or a diaphragm in the camera lens that can be adjusted to control the amount of light that reaches the film.
Depth of field
More Light to Film f/2 f/2.8 f/4 f/5.6 f/8 f/11 f/16 f/32 f/64 Less Light to film
Larger Opening Smaller Opening
Shallow Depth of Field Greater Depth of Field
or Shallow Focus or Deep Focus
Shutter Speed (TV - Shutter Speed Priority) Shutter speed is the time for which the shutter is held open during the taking of a photograph to allow light to reach the film.
The “click” sound of the shutter moving to allow the light to expose the film. Measured in seconds
The appearance of motion in the image.
1s 1/2s 1/4s 1/8s 1/15s 1/30s 1/60s 1/125s 1/250s 1/500s 1/1000s 1/2000s 1/4000s 1/8000s
Slow Fast
Blurred Motion Stop Motion
B (for bulb) — keep the shutter open as long as the release lever is engaged.
T — keep the shutter open until the lever is pressed again.
1/60s- the lowest shutter speed you can you can use with out a tripod.
Sink Flashes 1/60 or 1/125 see camera manuel
Go to www.Photonhead.com for Exposure simulator.
Simi Cam to see how these exposure controls work together.
3 KEY FACTORS:
Senor Sensitivity Speed (ISO)
Aperture/f-stops
Shutter Speeds
Film speed/ISO The senors/film sensitivity to light. Slower film/ Less Sensitive to Light 25 50 100 (125) 200 400 800 1600 3200 Faster film/ More Sensitive to Light
Fine Grain Film Super Grainy Film
Aperture/f-stops (AV- Aperture Priority) Blades or a diaphragm in the camera lens that can be adjusted to control the amount of light that reaches the film.
Depth of field
More Light to Film f/2 f/2.8 f/4 f/5.6 f/8 f/11 f/16 f/32 f/64 Less Light to film
Larger Opening Smaller Opening
Shallow Depth of Field Greater Depth of Field
or Shallow Focus or Deep Focus
Shutter Speed (TV - Shutter Speed Priority) Shutter speed is the time for which the shutter is held open during the taking of a photograph to allow light to reach the film.
The “click” sound of the shutter moving to allow the light to expose the film. Measured in seconds
The appearance of motion in the image.
1s 1/2s 1/4s 1/8s 1/15s 1/30s 1/60s 1/125s 1/250s 1/500s 1/1000s 1/2000s 1/4000s 1/8000s
Slow Fast
Blurred Motion Stop Motion
B (for bulb) — keep the shutter open as long as the release lever is engaged.
T — keep the shutter open until the lever is pressed again.
1/60s- the lowest shutter speed you can you can use with out a tripod.
Sink Flashes 1/60 or 1/125 see camera manuel
Go to www.Photonhead.com for Exposure simulator.
Simi Cam to see how these exposure controls work together.
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Fstop- Shutter Speed- ISO | |
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Formal & Aesthetic Qualities | |
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How Do I Compose A Photograph? | |
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History Timeline
5th-4th Centuries B.C.—Chinese and Greek philosophers describe the basic principles of optics and the camera. Camera Obscura.
1664-1666-Isaac Newton discovers that white light is composed of different colors.
1727--Johann Heinrich Schulze discovered that silver nitrate darkened upon exposure to light.
1794—First Panorama opens, the forerunner of the movie house invented by Robert Barker.
1814--Joseph Nicéphore Niépce achieves first photographic image with camera obscura -the image required eight hours of light exposure and later faded.
1826- Joseph Nicéphore Niépce first photograph, View From the Window at Le Gras, that does not fade.
1837--Daguerre’s first daguerreotype - the first image that was fixed and did not fade and needed under thirty minutes of light exposure.
1840—First American patent issued in photography to Alexander Wolcott for his camera.
1841--William Henry Talbot patents the Calotype process - the first negative-positive process making possible the first multiple copies.
1843—First advertisement with a photograph made in Philadelphia.
1851--Frederick Scott Archer invented the Collodionprocess - images required only two or three seconds of light exposure.
1859—Panoramic camera patented - the Sutton.
1861—Oliver Wendell Holmes invents stereoscope viewer.
1865—Photographs and photographic negatives are added to protected works under copyright.
1871--Richard Leach Maddox invented the gelatin dry plate silver bromide process - negatives no longer had to be developed immediately.
1880--Eastman Dry Plate Company founded by George Eastman
1884—Eastman invents flexible, paper-based photographic film.
1888—Eastman patents Kodak roll-film camera.
1898--Reverend Hannibal Goodwin patents celluloid photographic film.
1900—First mass-marketed camera—the Brownie.
1913/1914—First 35mm still camera developed.
1927—General Electric invents the modern flash bulb.
1932—First light meter with photoelectric cell introduced.
1935—Eastman Kodak markets Kodachrome film. KODACHROME Discontinuation Dwayne's will process till Dec 31, 20101941—Eastman Kodak introduces Kodacolor negative film.
1942—Chester Carlson receives patent for electric photography (xerography).
1948--Edwin Land markets the Polaroid camera.
1954—Eastman Kodak introduces high speed Tri-X film.
1960--EG&G develops extreme depth underwater camera for U.S. Navy. See VIDEO.
1963--Polaroid introduces instant color film.
1968—Photograph of the Earth from the moon.
1973—Polaroid introduces one-step instant photography with the SX-70 camera. See VIDEO of the 1972 advertising by Charles and Ray Eames.
1977--George Eastman and Edwin Land inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.
1978—Konica introduces first point-and-shoot, autofocus camera.
1980—Sony demonstrates first consumer camcorder, Portapak.
1984—Canon demonstrates first electronic still camera.1985 —Pixar introduces digital imaging processor.
1990—Eastman Kodak announces Photo CD as a digital image storage medium, and Adobe Adobe Photoshop 1.0 image manipulation program is introduced for Apple Macintosh computers.
1993--Adobe Adobe Photoshop is made available for MS-Windows computers.
1993—NCSA Release the first World Wide Web browser.
1994—The first digital cameras for the consumer-level market that worked with a home computer via a serial cable were the Apple QuickTake 100 camera.
1996—APS Advanced Photo System (APS) is introduced.
1996—Microsoft Release their WWW browser called Internet Explorer.
1998—The first consumer megapixel cameras were introduced.
2000—Canon introduced the EOS D30, the first digital SLR for the consumer market with a CMOS sensor. Sharp and J-Phone introduced the first camera-phone in Japan, and began the trend for camera-phones.
2002—Contax introduced the NDigital, the first SLR digital camera with a CCD the same size as a 35 mm frame.
2003—More than 80% of Canon and Nikon's camera sales are of digital cameras. Nikon's 35mm SLR sales shrunk by 25%.
2004—Sales of new point and shoot cameras are 90% digital. Nikon completely stops new production of point and shoot 35mm film cameras. New York City proposes a ban on photography in its subways citing post 9/11 security concerns.
2005—Samsung introduces the world's first 7 megapixel camera phone. It is also the first camera phone to offer controls such as manual focus, AE lock, shutter priority, and the ability to use wide angle and telephoto converter lenses. Kodak announces it will discontinue production of its black and white photographic printing papers. Canon releases its 17.2MP 1Ds Mark II Camera which effectively gives approximately the same resolution as 35mm film.
5th-4th Centuries B.C.—Chinese and Greek philosophers describe the basic principles of optics and the camera. Camera Obscura.
1664-1666-Isaac Newton discovers that white light is composed of different colors.
1727--Johann Heinrich Schulze discovered that silver nitrate darkened upon exposure to light.
1794—First Panorama opens, the forerunner of the movie house invented by Robert Barker.
1814--Joseph Nicéphore Niépce achieves first photographic image with camera obscura -the image required eight hours of light exposure and later faded.
1826- Joseph Nicéphore Niépce first photograph, View From the Window at Le Gras, that does not fade.
1837--Daguerre’s first daguerreotype - the first image that was fixed and did not fade and needed under thirty minutes of light exposure.
1840—First American patent issued in photography to Alexander Wolcott for his camera.
1841--William Henry Talbot patents the Calotype process - the first negative-positive process making possible the first multiple copies.
1843—First advertisement with a photograph made in Philadelphia.
1851--Frederick Scott Archer invented the Collodionprocess - images required only two or three seconds of light exposure.
1859—Panoramic camera patented - the Sutton.
1861—Oliver Wendell Holmes invents stereoscope viewer.
1865—Photographs and photographic negatives are added to protected works under copyright.
1871--Richard Leach Maddox invented the gelatin dry plate silver bromide process - negatives no longer had to be developed immediately.
1880--Eastman Dry Plate Company founded by George Eastman
1884—Eastman invents flexible, paper-based photographic film.
1888—Eastman patents Kodak roll-film camera.
1898--Reverend Hannibal Goodwin patents celluloid photographic film.
1900—First mass-marketed camera—the Brownie.
1913/1914—First 35mm still camera developed.
1927—General Electric invents the modern flash bulb.
1932—First light meter with photoelectric cell introduced.
1935—Eastman Kodak markets Kodachrome film. KODACHROME Discontinuation Dwayne's will process till Dec 31, 20101941—Eastman Kodak introduces Kodacolor negative film.
1942—Chester Carlson receives patent for electric photography (xerography).
1948--Edwin Land markets the Polaroid camera.
1954—Eastman Kodak introduces high speed Tri-X film.
1960--EG&G develops extreme depth underwater camera for U.S. Navy. See VIDEO.
1963--Polaroid introduces instant color film.
1968—Photograph of the Earth from the moon.
1973—Polaroid introduces one-step instant photography with the SX-70 camera. See VIDEO of the 1972 advertising by Charles and Ray Eames.
1977--George Eastman and Edwin Land inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.
1978—Konica introduces first point-and-shoot, autofocus camera.
1980—Sony demonstrates first consumer camcorder, Portapak.
1984—Canon demonstrates first electronic still camera.1985 —Pixar introduces digital imaging processor.
1990—Eastman Kodak announces Photo CD as a digital image storage medium, and Adobe Adobe Photoshop 1.0 image manipulation program is introduced for Apple Macintosh computers.
1993--Adobe Adobe Photoshop is made available for MS-Windows computers.
1993—NCSA Release the first World Wide Web browser.
1994—The first digital cameras for the consumer-level market that worked with a home computer via a serial cable were the Apple QuickTake 100 camera.
1996—APS Advanced Photo System (APS) is introduced.
1996—Microsoft Release their WWW browser called Internet Explorer.
1998—The first consumer megapixel cameras were introduced.
2000—Canon introduced the EOS D30, the first digital SLR for the consumer market with a CMOS sensor. Sharp and J-Phone introduced the first camera-phone in Japan, and began the trend for camera-phones.
2002—Contax introduced the NDigital, the first SLR digital camera with a CCD the same size as a 35 mm frame.
2003—More than 80% of Canon and Nikon's camera sales are of digital cameras. Nikon's 35mm SLR sales shrunk by 25%.
2004—Sales of new point and shoot cameras are 90% digital. Nikon completely stops new production of point and shoot 35mm film cameras. New York City proposes a ban on photography in its subways citing post 9/11 security concerns.
2005—Samsung introduces the world's first 7 megapixel camera phone. It is also the first camera phone to offer controls such as manual focus, AE lock, shutter priority, and the ability to use wide angle and telephoto converter lenses. Kodak announces it will discontinue production of its black and white photographic printing papers. Canon releases its 17.2MP 1Ds Mark II Camera which effectively gives approximately the same resolution as 35mm film.